In science, theories are not typically "proven" in the absolute sense, as they might be in mathematics. Instead, theories are developed to explain observations and predict future results. They are then tested by gathering empirical evidence.
If the evidence aligns with the predictions of the theory, this supports the theory and increases our confidence in it. However, it does not "prove" the theory in an absolute sense. This is because it's always possible that future evidence could contradict the theory, or that a new theory could be developed that explains the same evidence in a more accurate, consistent, or efficient way.
For example, Newton's laws of motion were long considered to be "proven" based on the available evidence. However, when observations were made at very high speeds (close to the speed of light) or very small scales (on the order of atoms and subatomic particles), Newton's laws were found to be inadequate. This led to the development of relativity and quantum mechanics, which better explained these observations.
This iterative process of developing theories, testing them with evidence, and refining or replacing them based on the results is the fundamental method of science. It's how science advances and our understanding of the universe becomes more accurate and complete. So, while we don't typically talk about scientific theories being "proven," we do talk about them being supported by evidence and is more or less accurate or complete based on the available evidence.
- hh
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